Challenges and Opportunities to Chinas Banking Industry

Challenges and Opportunities to Chinas Banking Industry The banking industry in China has the platform for future growth opportunities but often come with strategic challenges. ACMR-IBISWorld forecasts that in the five years through 2021, total assets of the Commercial Banking industry in China will increase at an average rate of 11.9% per year, to $48.2 trillion by the end of 2021.1 Industry revenue is forecast to grow at an average rate of 5.4% per year to $818.5 billion in 2021.1 China has become the target of many foreign banks and financial institutions as a result of its huge market size. Other reasons include continuous deregulation, WTO commitments and the improving market conditions with strong fundamentals. However, there are also several main challenges that obstruct the industrys growth. Opportunities Opening Requirement: According to the China Banking Regulatory Committee, foreign banks accounted for barely 2.3% of total commercial bank assets at the end of the third quarter of 2012.1 However, in order for China to meet its World Trade Organization (WTO) accession commitments, they are required to further open its banking sector to foreign banks. The easing of restrictions provide an opportunistic window for foreign banks to grow or enter the market. Deregulation: Beginning in 2003, China has begun to allow qualified foreign banks to offer RMB banking services to Chinese enterprises. In addition, some restrictions on geographic distribution and foreign exchange services offered by foreign banks have been lifted. Banking services have been opened to overseas banks in 13 cities, up from only 2, Beijing and Shanghai, before Chinas WTO entry.1 Innovation: In 2006, China officially opened its banking sector allowing foreign banks to conduct RMB business, removing geographical and client restrictions.1 In 2009, new development opportunities for commercial banks opened up which led to many changes in terms of competition, technologies, product diversification and industry profitability. As a result, domestic banks face increasing pressure to upgrade operations management, internal controls and product and service innovation. Banks with a technological edge or process driven technology can begin creating a strategic opportunity to gain the competitive advantage and market share in China. Challenges Governmental Barrier to Entry: The banking industry in China is known to have high levels of regulation and policy. For companies looking to enter the China market, the requirements for obtaining a license in order to operate as a commercial bank in China are set up through the Financial License Management Rules and approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC).1 In addition, Commercial banks in China are subject to the supervision of, and regular inspections by, the CBRC. In general, the application for preparing the establishment of a new branch by a policy bank, a wholly state-owned commercial bank or a joint-stock commercial bank shall be filed with and reviewed by the CBRC provincial office in the province where the proposed branch is to be established, and shall be subject to the final approval by the CBRC headquarters. Competition: Given the strict government controls and the high level of intervention in the industry, prices are quite regulated and product innovation and diversity are not the main basis for competition. In general, the approval requirements for new products are very strict. They are often the subject of complicated approval processes and lengthy approval times, and as a result are not main competitive factors. Chinas banking industry brings heavy competition as commercial banks generally offer similar products at similar prices providing difficult to gain a competitive advantage. Relationships: In China, the biggest competition has focused on client relationships with large customers, an important part of the business environment.1 Relationships are usually found using guanxi which is a combination of developing personal connections with customers as well as a network of close contacts.2 Given the low level of product diversification and similarity in services and prices, banks compete for specific and often the same customers in hopes of developing long-term relationships.

Love in the Time of Cholera

How does novel, â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera† define Love and Marriage? The novel â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera,† basically defines love as a curse or sickness rather than simply a feeling. This best exemplified by Florentino Arizam one of the main characters in the novel, as he is seemingly cursed with an obsession for his love, Fermina Daza. Generally, throughout the entire story, it was depicted that Florentino loved Fermina so much that it nearly drove him insane. It basically began when Florentino and Fermina were still young. Everyday Florentino would watch Fermina as she walks to her school. When Florentino was able to muster enough courage to approach Fermina, he did so very aggressively as he insisted that she asked permission from her father in order for him to be able to court her. Even though Fermina showed no interest in him, Florentino still persisted and even went as far as saying that his need for her and his desire to be with her was a matter of life and death. This basically shows that from the start, Florentino was already determined to get Fermina. In addition to that, Florentino’s obsession for Fermina could be not hindered by Lorenzo Daza, the latter’s father who forbade his daughter from marrying him. Even when Lorenzo took Fermina away on a journey, Florentino still found a way to secretly send telegrams to her, which basically stresses the fact that his feelings towards her were more of an obsession. However, although Florentino’s expressions of his unfaltering love for Fermina can be initially viewed as admirable acts, it also showed the damages that love can do to a person. Basically, Florentino’s obsession towards Fermina can be likened to a disease called cholera, which was shown as an epidemic in the story in the story. Basically, like cholera, Florentino is â€Å"lovesick† as he resorts to doing unusual things just to satisfy his desire for Fermina. In addition, when the two were away from each other, Florentino ate grass and drank cologne simply because he wanted to be familiar with her scent. Moreover, when he was away from Fermina, Florenino would engage in sexual intercourse with several women just to satisfy his need for her. Although he promised to himself that he would reserve his virginity solely to Fermina, he was forced to break that vow because he felt that resorting to sexual intercourse would somehow alleviate the pain of being unable to be with her. In addition, as he was having sex with Rosalba, he was also thinking of his tormented love for Fermina which shows that sexual intercourse was a temporary antidote for his incurable sickness or obsession. In other words, although in the modern world, love is generally perceived as a positive feeling, in the story it was depicted as both a physical and mental illness which is why it can be closely likened to cholera, which is a disease characterized by severe dehydration and vomiting. Florentino was so obsessed with Fermina that he was no longer able to function normally without thinking of her first. In addition, this also showed that his love for her not only physically ill but also mentally disturbed. Furthemore, in the story, marriage was perceived as something that can be simply forced on someone instead of something that is governed by freedom of choice. This was basically shown when Lorenzo refused to allow her daughter, Fermina, to marry Florentino even though she had already accepted his proposal. Moreover, even though Lorenzo knew that his refusal to allow her daughter to choose whom she wants to marry was similar to the disapproval of his wife’s family of their marriage, he still forced his will on Fermina which shows that he did not learn from his past mistakes. He still allowed history to repeat itself as he forced Fermina to marry Dr. Juvenal Urbnino. Furthermore, in the novel, marriage was characterized as a means to commit infidelity as Dr. Urbino himself had an affair with a woman named Barbara Lynch. In addition, it was shown throughout the story that both Dr. Urbino and Fermina were not a happy with their marriage as they would constantly argue over the simplest things such as a little bar of soap. This basically showed that since the two did not truly love each other, they were unable to live a happy and normal marriage. Moreover, this also supports the traditional definition of marriage which states that both the man and the woman must willingly agree in order for the bond to be successful and long lasting. In short, the novel basically defined love and marriage as mere compulsive obsessions. The novel’s definition of love and marriage deviates from the dogmatic and traditional definitions which basically state that the two are sacred and long lasting bonds between two people that are governed by divine laws. Basically, in the novel, love was defined as a feeling that can drive a person insane to the point that it becomes similar to a disease that cannot be simply cured which is best illustrated by Florentno’s obsession for Fermina.On the other hand, marriage was defined as a bond in which one cannot freely choose whom he or she would like to marry but rather as something that can be forced on a person by anyone.                      Love in the Time of Cholera The setting for the novel â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera† is during the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century in a Spanish city somewhere in South America.   This is much like the authors country of origin which is Colombia.   Much of Gabriel Garcia Marquez writings were shaped by his own life experiences along with his life in Columbia.   Marquez incorporated much of Columbia’s cultural strife and society in his novels.   The large gap between the rich and the poor, along with the injustices is a way of life in South America, and social class is always incorporated into his writings. He was born in 1928 in the small town of Aracataca and was raised by his grandparents until he was eight and his grandfather passed away.   He is often quoted as saying â€Å"that it was during this time that all of the most exciting things happened in his life and after this period nothing really exciting ever happened† (McNerney 16).   When Marquez responded to an interview that he saw stories and created them from a single image and his image of this story was, â€Å"two old people dancing on the deck of a boat dancing a bolero† (Matuz 55: 135).   He was true to that image. In researching the author and the novel I noticed that many references were made towards his grandmother’s influence in his writings and especially when looking at the mystical aspect of his writings.   His grandmother, Tranquilina Iquaran Cotes believed in the supernatural and it was incorporated into their daily life, â€Å"many of the tales he heard during this period find their way into his fiction, it is the matter of fact tone with which his grandmother said the most outrageous things that characterized his work† (McNerney 7).   Many of his female characters mirrored his grandmother’s attitude and beliefs.   Female characters were fundamental in his writings, just as they were to him in reality. Women were strong, but knew their place.   With Fermina Daza her duties were to her husband up until his death.   When an event happened to a character it was usually on a grand scale, such as the love Ariza has for Daza, this was said to mirror Marquez’s life he would say, â€Å"Everything that happened to me in the street had an enormous resonance in the house.   The women in the kitchen would tell the stories to the strangers arriving on the train, who in turn brought other stories to be told† (McNerney 24). Marquez said his first contact with the written word was when he was five by way of his grandfather. And it was on a trip as an adult to his grandparent’s home that gave him the inspiration to be a writer.   His use of symbolism was probably because of his grandmother and is blended with all of his writings.   The novel â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera†, revolves around a strange love triangle between a husband and his wife who through the course of fifty years showed how another man loved the woman enough to wait until her present husband would die then he could replace him having the woman for himself. As the story unfolds Fermina Daza, the female character and wife of Urbino’s the doctor, only married him for security but after awhile began a love for him.   The man who had loved her all during this time, Florentino Ariza, believed his love was beyond this realm, spiritual making it indestructible and forever.   Florentino believed that love constituted his entire reason for being.   With Marquez’s writing of Florentino he linked love and suffering very well.   Marquez’s grandmother would say, â€Å"Take advantage and suffer all you can now that your young things like this won’t last your whole life† (McNerney 89). The reflection of Florentino’s mother underestimation of her son’s ability to love was probably the same with Marquez’s grandmother.   When asked what was the creation of â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera† Marquez replied that â€Å"it came from two sources the first was the love affair between his parents†, which he compares to his parents and the other was a story he had read about the death of two Americans who for forty years had meet in Acapulco, but on their last trip they had taken a boat ride and was killed by the boatman and robbed.   It was because of their deaths and how their romance was found out that intrigued him (Matuz 55: 134). The novel begins with de Saint-Amour’s suicide and Urbino is called as a doctor to come to investigate.   Saint-Amour has taken cyanide because of his getting older and his belief that his mistress doesn’t really love him Urbino believes â€Å"the fate of unrequited love† (3).   His getting older was truly the core of his own suicide.   Urbino is saddened by his friend’s suicide and reflects on his own aging self. This part ends with Urbino’s death.   Then the story really begins to unfold with Florentino, who loves Urbino’s wife and has been waiting for her for exactly fifty-one years, nine months, and four days can now re-profess his love to her.   After the funeral Florentino tells Fermina how he feels, he tells her of his â€Å"vow of eternal fidelity and everlasting love† (50).   She becomes angry at Florentino and tells him to leave her house forever because of cursing her husband’s memory by just saying that.   But strangely she dreams that night are of Florentino, a love she passed on so many years ago. The middle of the novel tells a tale of love between Fermina and Florentino, but also chronicles Fermina’s long marriage to Urbino.   Fermina and Florentino were forced apart by Fermina’s father and how they kept in contact, by telegraph, was the same as Garcia Marquez’s parents.   In reading this part of the book I found that his devotion is moving.   Once during the years apart he happened to see Fermina’s reflection in a restaurant mirror, and he had to buy it from the owner and persuaded him to sell it so he can take it home, this was a good representation of the mystical realism the book had. He believed that her reflection was captured in the mirror and having the mirror gave him a sense of having her.   By the time they are able to be together because of Urbino’s death Ariza is seventy-six and Daza is seventy-one.   He was not an attractive man but he also was not faithful to his love on this earthly plane, but was only faithful on the spiritual plane.   Florentino’s drive for writing, which mirrors the authors, has him writing of his hundreds of sexual encounters.   He estimated it at 622 encounters that were of a long term status.   He had written them in twenty-five notebooks that he gave the title of â€Å"Women†. Florentino has a romantic belief in love and would do anything even total devotion to his love.   He loves writing love letters and that is how he won the love of Fermina when they were young.   It took almost two years to win Fermina’s heart back again.   Florentino persuades Fermina to take a cruise with him up the Magdalena River on a boat that was named New Fidelity. Their love grew and eventually they consummated their love on this cruise.   How Marquez describes their aging bodies as time that had passed between them is kind of sad.   On the first night of the trip Fermina finally allowed Florentino to touch her hand they realized how different than when they first touched, but soon realized how really it was the same, â€Å"the hands made of old bones were not the hands they had imagined before touching. In the next moment, however, they were† (329).   Their love making was too hurried at first and not as satisfying as they would have hoped by still they are â€Å"satisfied with the simple joy of being together† (341). The title of the novel is because of the many aspects the novel has.   Urbino first met Fermina because she became ill during a cholera epidemic.   Fermina’s father thought that possibly she had cholera, but she just had the stomach flu instead.   In another part of the novel Florentino becomes ill and believes his symptoms mean he has cholera, but his was because of his suffering because of his love.   He had two episodes like this one when he was a young fellow and another when Fermina allowed him back into her house after banishing him a year before when her husband had died. At the end of the novel Florentino also has the boat captain fly a cholera flag to have privacy.   It works because of the bodies in the river could be victims of another cholera epidemic.   But they have problems when they can’t dock because of the flag and Florentino vows to protect her with his love and under the cholera flag â€Å"forever†.   When Gabriel Garcia Marquez was interviewed by Marlise Simons he was asked what intrigued him about plagues he replied, â€Å"They make people want to live more. It’s that almost metaphysical dimension that interests me† (Matuz 55: 134). The novel is very complex and should not be interpreted literally.   It allows the characters Florentino and Fermina to claim their age but to still explore life with vigor.   Author S.M.J. Minta wrote, â€Å"It is a novel about commitment and fidelity under circumstances which seem to render such virtues, absurd, about refusal to grow old gracefully and respectably, about the triumph sentiment can still win over reason, and above al, perhaps, about Latin America, about keeping faith with where, for better or worse, you started from.† (Matuz 55: 143).   Marquez’s writing of love is truly heart felt and inspiring. His love and imagination for writing is clear in this novel.   The mystical realism in his novels flows so easily because it flows so easily in his own life.   Galen Strawson wrote, â€Å"Garcia Marquez’s insight into human turpitude and pettiness is inseparable from and amusement and forgiveness, and from intense affections† (Matuz 55: 144).   This is a good description of what the novel was all about. Works Cited Bell-Villada, Gene H. â€Å"Garcia Marquez: The Man and His Works†.   Chapel Hill:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of North Carolina Press.   1990 Jones, Anne H. â€Å"Literature and Medicine: Garcia Marquez ‘Love in the Time of Cholera’†. Lancet; October 18, 1997 v. 350 Issues 9085 Marquez, Gabriel G. â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera†. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall. 1989 Matuz, Roger (Ed.) & Gills, Mary K. â€Å"Contemporary Literary Criticism†.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Detroit: Gale    Research Co. 1988 v. 55 McNerney, Kathleen. â€Å"Understanding Gabriel Garcia Marquez†. Columbia, S.C.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of South Carolina Press. 1998.      

Business Ethical Problem

From September 2010 to May 2011 I interned with the Health Care Administration under the direction of the Executive Nursing Administrator at a hospital facility with nationally integrated service networks. I was told at the time of my hire that I would be privy to all conferences which took place with administrative officers; and that information discussed would be strictly confidential. During the course of my internship there were conferences held with administration and other â€Å"agents† at least once a week. I attended 2 meetings during my internship— neither of them eventful—and was conveniently given my supervisor’s work to complete while she attended the aforementioned conferences. Unknown to me at the time, the facility was under investigation due to complaints filed with the Attorney General from clients, client’s families and medical staff; including nurses and medical doctors. I learned quite recently that special federal investigators had been carrying out an official examination of the hospital since August 2010; concerning quality control issues, adherence to hospital policy and procedures; and other legal matters, including but not limited to: †¢Embezzlement of grants/misappropriation of funds †¢Understaffing Personnel employed in management positions where they were neither qualified, certified nor did they have prior experience in regard to the units they managed †¢Clients being admitted to psychiatric units without a 2 PC order †¢No PRN Protocol in place and agitated clients were admitted to units causing injury to self, other workers and clients. †¢Patient neglect and injuries due to accidents One day I was instructed by the Executive Nursing Administrator (ENA) to prepare 2 spreadsheets: One was a patient satisfaction survey and the second was a unit complaint survey which was to include in the questionnaire specific areas of complaint. I prepared the surveys and since I was given no direction, I researched what questions to ask; and (with SUNY’s documented approval); I utilized my university’s survey program. I prepared the surveys and they were approved by administration (hospital director, medical director and the ENA. I was then instructed to conduct the two survey interviews, which took place from September 2010 to March 2011. Ethical Problems I Faced: At the time of my internship the Unit Complaint Survey I constructed contained the name of the complainant, person’s title and 7areas of complaint; each complaint involved a different area of concern and was to count as a total number of complaints in that particular area; (i. e. : understaffing, p atient injuries/accidents, lack of prompt medical attention; admission documents incomplete, missing or not signed by the admitting physician, medication errors, etc. When Administration (who had previously approved the survey) reviewed the results of the questionnaire and observed that almost all of the units had more than 20 complaints a week, the ENA requested me to adjust the number of complaints to one per person if he/she had filed complaints in several areas of concern. In addition, I was to modify the number of complaints per Unit in regard to specific areas of concern to and combine the figures to reflect 1 complaint in that area. In other words, if 10 units had the same complaint regarding patient injury, the10 complaints would be combined on the survey and count as 1 instance of patient injury. After I completed my internship, the administrative nursing assistant called on behalf of the ENA (who took credit for creating the survey) to request that I come in and train health administrative personnel on how to use the programs I created; and to instruct them on recreating new spreadsheets with the template I had designed for the surveys utilizing SUNY’s survey/software program.

The duality of human nature - 841 Words

The Duality of Human Nature One of the most vital concepts incorporated into The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is the representation and depiction of the duality of mankind. Jekyll works to find a solution which will separate him into his reckless, immoral persona and his respectable, Victorian self. After consumption, this potion causes him to completely transform into a man who is known as Hyde. As Hyde, he can express himself in immoral, evil ways. This not only includes moral and immoral wants but rational and irrational wants. Not only does this transformation enable him to keep his good reputation even while he does horrid, unacceptable things, but it allows him to do things which he most likely would not even†¦show more content†¦The conscious mind is above the waterline, the preconscious is below the waterline but still visible, and the unconscious is well submerged beneath the water and is not visible to us. Though Jekyll is fully responsible for his behavior and actions, Hyde is not. While Jekyll has the option to do good or evil, Hyde is completely focused on evil as this was the intent of the transformation. The fact that Jekyll chose to create a potion to bring forth Hyde rather than bringing forth someone who was concentrated on pure good shows that Even a respectable man such as Jekyll had unconscious urges to do bad. â€Å"If he had â€Å"approached [his] discovery in a more noble spirit,† willing the good to overpower the evil, he would have â€Å"come forth an angel instead of a fiend†. Hyde on the other hand has no choice other than to do evil, and therefore it is arguable whether he should really be blamed for his actions. Though duality in human nature is the central idea of the book, we do not become fully aware or even able to understand how it has any relevance to the book until the very end. Jekyll very clearly states his thoughts on this in chapter 10 â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two†. Not only does he believe this, but also he believes that these two sides of man are â€Å"Polar twins†. Though the large majority of the focus is placed on Jekyll when trying to express this concept, we also see Utterson becoming â€Å"curious† at times whichShow MoreRelatedDuality Of Human Nature949 Words   |  4 Pagesin literature is the duality of human nature. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dualism is a view of human beings as constituted of two irreducible elements. Many pieces of literature concentrate on how every human possesses an animalistic and barbarous nature. In the novel The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, and the short story William Wilson by Edgar Allan Poe, the idea of duality is explored deeply andRead MoreMacbeth : The Duality Of Human Nature1741 Words   |  7 Pages One of the prominent themes is appearance versus reality, the duality of human nature. In Macbeth we see this theme numerous times in many of the scenes. In act 1 scene 3 Macbeth meets the witches for the first time they give him the vision of being ‘thane of Cawdor’ and thereafter the ‘king’ himself. After the vision we begin to see that Macbeth has begun pondering whether he shall murder Duncan and taking his ‘rightful’ place as king. However at the end of this scene he begins to think in a rationalRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 Pagesaspects of human life. 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In the narrative, The Strange Case of DrRead MoreThe Duality of Human Nature in Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde547 Words   |  3 PagesStevenson uses the characters of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde to expresses his beliefs about human duality by introducing them as two contrasting characters, instead of just one character. Using two completely different characters with different names and appearances gets his message of human duality across more effectively rather than using just one character that turns a different colour when its angry, for example. We meet Mr Hyde, â€Å"a pale, dwarfish man† â€Å"of no particular age†, and we meet DrRead MoreJekyll And Hyde Character Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explores the duality of human nature. He writes this novel to show us that humans have split personalities, and that there are two sides to human’s personality: good and evil. 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