PaidProgramming by Bones by TeamSesh free essay sample

B O N E S PaidProgramming Review Greetings everybody, Teamthany Seshtano here, Teen Ink’s busiest music geek and it’s time for a great survey of the 2013 Bones mixtape, PaidProgramming. Elmo O’ Connor other insightful known as Bones, or [emailprotected] Kid if you’re taking a gander at his prior work,is a Michigan/California rapper, some portion of the free name known as TeamSesh and a piece of the underground rap bunch SeshHolloWaterBoyz. This is the 29th tape added to his repertoire and this isn’t truly not a conventional Bones tape since this is the place, in any event for me, where Bones began to truly characterize another picture for himself. Despite the fact that it’s still in the style of his three past tapes, those tapes being CRACKER, SCUMBAG, and CREEP, the general idea of the collection is the thing that truly attracts me and how fascinating it is. The idea being of I surmise simply sitting in your home, late around evening time and simply watching the Paid Progra mming bit of a specific channel. We will compose a custom article test on PaidProgramming by Bones by TeamSesh or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Album commences with the title track, which is a grave and puzzling instrumental, with an applaud test once in for some time. It’s practically like you’re imagining a grainy city foundation shrouded in haze, in any event that’s what I envisioned, still truly not too bad instrumental in any case. Presently the following track named JonathanTaylorThomas, is the principal tune that Bones really raps and it is by all accounts about those whom Bones hates attempting to be on his level, contrasting them a with a youthful Jonathan Taylor Thomas. Saying how they’ll never really win regard or cash doing what they’re doing and inevitably end up dead in game by the hands of Bones, including onto the melody in any case, is Bones going considerably harder on this individual saying how no one is going to miss him and how they memory of the individual will gradually blur into haziness or even to where the man’s guardians deceived his face about creation it throughout everyday life. A tad of a disclaimer, there are many references to medications and cash in Bones’ music, however he ensures there is a tolerable assortment of tunes with varying subjects. The third tune here named WakingUpCrying, which is about I surmise having a type of smoking meeting with a young lady he met however it lapses into a touch of boasting when he discusses heading out in a yacht with a pool on the top or how he’s a thin youthful pimp with twenty beepers on his hip. That is until Jonny Telafone comes in with some very tear recolored and serious vocals, weeping for the young lady that Bones is with, thinking about what else to do as he splashes his cushions with his tears. The following tune up which I for one appreciate, named RotatingBed kind of takes it back to idea of the collection a piece with the beat and by and large tone. The tune is about Bones missing a young lady and how his life truly isn’t complete without her in his life, expressing how he doesn†™t the proper behavior or to be normal when she isn’t around. Sorry if the organization appears to be somewhat dull, I’m simply attempting to do a short survey of every tune so hold on for me a tad. In this way, the following melody named Dial-Up appears to have a progressively mean robbing vibe to it while additionally occurring in two separate years it appears. Bones is in 2003 conversing with someone’s young lady on Nextel telephone in a dark Mercedes Benz jeep. While the visitor include on the melody by Na$ty Matt is about him being in 2005, having easygoing sex with a couple of young ladies like they’ve had their reproductive ability limited and riding in a Mercedes Benz with a blade on his side alluding to himself as a slime ball which is kind of fitting by the substance of his verses. The following melody in the track posting named AmericanBeauty really tests the film that it’s named after, it’s the last statement of the film really before the character played by Kevin Spacey, is grasping his own passin g, which Bones likes to do in his music. After that in any case, Bones begins to go into a boast rap heading, discussing he has the numbskull and the stream, however the theme strangely is a similar melody from Aaron Carter’s tune, How I beat shaq. He at that point proceeds to depict his day as he awakens, considering how much time he could kill as he moves his first ‘bone’. At that point the tune degenerates into Bones discussing how other’s aren’t on a par with him or his name. Presently something else to kind of hold on for in this survey is that Bones, in the same way as other different rappers, appreciates discussing how effective he is which isn’t a terrible thing at all as long as you keep the tune intriguing. Next tune in the tracklisting is called 281-330-8004, which is Mike Jones’ old individual number from 2005. In the tune he discusses how he’s got companions that don’t converse with him since he I surmise he would prefer quietly impart than cause to notice themselves. Portraying his fame as Macaulay Culkin’s in 1992 which bodes well in the fame sense however doesn’t truly bode well in the manner he got that fame. The following cut on the collection is 7DayOutlook, which tests an old climate direct promotion fitting back in with the subject and idea of the album.Fellow Sesh part Dylan Ross is on this track for snare, advising those cheats throughout his life to avoid it, disclosing to them that in light of them he no longer has any affection to give. Bones at that point gets into his stanza, saying how he doesn’t wear brand name garments and wears his label’s merchandise, and furthermore tunes in to his own music since he feels that rappers today aren’t up to his level. An increasingly grave track up next named Cut and is by all accounts about Bones profoundly missing this young lady to where he can’t think straight, as his psyche loads up with sentiments of disappointment and bitterness. Thinking back on his recollections with her, trusting that this young lady feels a similar when she contemplates him. He even backtracks his means at a certain point, anyway those he meets in transit don’t fulfill him, knowing they can’t identify with his circumstance. In the end he wants for death, realize that he’ll never observe her again. The following tune in the track posting named FlashFloodWatch is about the individuals who detest on Bones yet at the same time tune in to his music. Anyway Bones is aware of this and starts to attack these ‘secret fans’, considering their to be as them tossing him in the water and simply watching him sink to the base. Bones at that point discusses how these ‘secret fans’ don’t truly comprehend what he’s like as they’ve never been or seen a live show, anyway it returns to kind of that gloat rap style toward the finish of the melody which is to be kind of anticipated. The following tune, which is a vocal exhibition instead of a rap melody is called TeenageBoy now, on the off chance that you don’t know as of now, Bones is a quite skilled artist now and again in any event for me. He’s even got a little side venture with Sesh Producer Greaf called surrenderdorothy where it’s just vocals, however I can perceive any reason why individuals wouldn’t like this tune or some other pitiful Bones melody in light of the fact that, most presently come to get advertised up and it’s novel to that assortment again in Bones’ music yet I stray. The track starts with an example from the Adam Sandler film the wedding artist, before singing about him and a young lady, which is really equation based now yet consider the melody and the setting it’s in. It’s like some abnormal child at school who entered the ability appear and sings for the young lady he can’t talk since he feels that on the off chance that he reaches this young lady she’ll dismiss him. Next tune up is named Snow and it is by all accounts about Bones returning to areas from his youth/young person days and perceiving how much they’ve changed since he left. Despite the fact that he is uncertain of whether the streets have changed be that as it may. Up next is the tune SevereWeatherWarning which is about Bones depicting how these names need him yet they can’t have him, as Bones is increasingly likened to remaining an underground craftsman. In the long run discussing his sharp edge and his young lady close and toward the finish of the tune. Be that as it may, the melody after that named Rust is presumably the most discouraging tune on the collection where Bones goes a more tear recolored and disdainful way to deal with missing somebody. Looking at losing all the affection he could give since he previously squandered it on somebody who truly didn’t need it, saying that the individual may miss him yet not really. Despite the fact that it’s kind of inferred that the individual Bones is discussing feels along these lines, as some whining is heard toward the end. At that point we hear the intermission named 30DayFreeTrial, which is really snappy and satisfying after Rust. The following tune is named StoneColdStunner, highlights Wiccaphase on vocals, saying how young ladies just like him since he seems as though Bones or how he feels like a parasite contrasting himself with essentially a clone of him and that's it. Bones at that point discusses how he can’t stop whatever he is doing, that most likely being smoking dope and doing anything he desires, getting out for someone to spare him. The tune up next HeavyFog is a truly standard Bones melody, looking at moving up ‘bones’, wielding his blade, and how his composing is immaculate. The tune after anyway Called TeenGirlDiesAtRave, I feel once more fits back in with the idea a piece, as though state an after school extraordinary goes ahead TV and it’s about medication misuse. The introduction on the melody happens at a dance club I supposition and Bones is with his companion Claire, anyway he discovers her on the floor not breathing and reaches the resolution that she overdosed on pills and kicked the bucket. At that point the melody commences with an example from a rave tune titled,†Wipe away my tears†, after a

Cross Cultural Contact with Americans

Intercultural CommunicationRini Anggun Pertiwi 2 chsEducation A 0902443 Chapter Report: Chapter 1 Cross-Cultural Contact with Americans American, as it is clarified in the start of part 1, is portrayed as the individuals who were conceived, brought and lives up in the United State. We will find that Americans are comprises of numerous individuals from various races, religions and ethnics. A ton of culture, may be, live respectively in a similar territory. Previously, they called it as â€Å"melting pot† where such a significant number of various culture are mixing, blending each other without decompress the way of life it self.However, the term â€Å"melting pot† is no longer use by the American on the grounds that, actually, the way of life isn't mixing or blending to one another. They are stand next to each other and keep their own shading like mosaic. With this sort of assortment, it is difficult to clarify what americans' identity is. Some extraordinary culture este em point of view about American frequently happen when somebody from the outside of American culture misrepresent to much despite the fact that they absence of data or contact with the individual from American society.This sort of generalization, for reasons unknown, gives a yin-yang impact when somebody isolates the general public into â€Å"we† and â€Å"they†. They will contrast about what â€Å"we† have and something that â€Å"they† have. Once in a while, â€Å"they† turns into a negative side of the examination in light of the fact that the â€Å"we† see them has a lot of contrasts. With such culture variety, United States is viewed as an immense nation. In any case, America despite everything has standard worth that will sum up American to make them uncovered a similar society esteem, it is called as Americanization.Furthermore, American has their own particular manner to depict the estimation of their way of life. For instance, right off the bat, the disposition towards protection which once in a while miss deciphered by outsiders or non American. As it’s clarified in the book, for Americans security doesn’t mean detachment or forlornness. They thought about it as the method of regard to the individual needs. Besides, American likes to limit status contrasts in their general public. Without relieving the force status they make themselves equivalent with other. Thirdly, American spotlights on progress and change.This future direction conduct makes them need to satisfy their future needs, their estimation of obligation to the existence change are fundamentals. As this book as of now make sense of, diverse correspondence with American who has different ethnic gatherings and culture from various progenitor will shows the contrasts between social conduct and individual conduct of them. Reference: Levine, D. R. , and Adelman, M. B. (1993). Past Language: Cross-Cultural Communication. New Jersey: Prentic e-Hall Regents.

Essay Question About Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter Example For Students

Article Question About Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter , Nathaniel Hawthorne presents this novel in an emotional perspective, beginning with the location of the jail. Hester is shown as a double-crossing lady in a Puritan culture, where sin is brutally represented. She is compelled to wear her identification of disgrace all through life close by her little girl Pearl, yet the incongruity, all things considered, is that she gets one of the most supportive, remarkable, upright individuals in her general public. Hawthorne utilizes images to pass on his topic of the impacts of wrongdoing. The timberland represents an amicable spot, where Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale can share opportunity, to talk and think about their emotional life changes. The woods is their door or escape to isolation. It is a lighthearted spot, where they are bohemians, staying detached from society and can party through the woods and be real to life with each other. The woods as an image assists with building up the story all the more precisely. Hawth orne passes on this image, so as to relate to his feeling of dramatization all through the characters lives. Images are a significant abstract component, that Hawthorne exploits by appearing, profundity, gloom, opportunity to admit sin and different hindrances. In the woods, a calm, private and most hermit spot, Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale unwind close to a jabbering stream, with the green greenery encouraging them. Mr. Dimmesdale now sees this is the spot as direct with Hester and make their arrangements for their escape. The backwoods holds the privileged insights that Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale share. This spot is the main opportunity they need to truly talk, without stressing of townspeople partner themselves together. The woods is a position of riddle and persona. The sister of senator Bellingham, (Mistress Hibbins), is viewed as a witch, who regularly stays standoffish from society as Hester has remained. The dark man with the compositions in his book, holds the names, written in blood, of the individuals he meets among the trees is a secret himself. Pearl is a remarkable opposite malevolence herself. When Hester feels free and brings down her hair lastly disposes of the letter into the creek, Pearl is distracted at seeing the missing letter. Hester feels free on occasion, however Pearl ties her exactly and she can never escape from it. Just certain occasions, when Hester is separated from everyone else with Mr. Dimmesdale would she be able to feel invigorated and arranged in ease. The woods holds these specifications. All things considered, Hawthorne leaves the novel open to his bounteous utilization of imagery. The woodland an image, and the most patent spot to consider, along with an acceptable plot, persuading portrayal, and significant scholarly gadgets empowers Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter to the build up the topic of the impacts of transgression.

Althea Gibson :: Biography Biographies

Althea Gibson As we take a gander at our past, we are better ready to see the positive advances that we have made. One of the best obsticles that we have defeated is the obstruction of race. Throughout the most recent quite a few years African Americans have had a gigantic effect on numerous territories of society, for example, legislative issues, educatoin and most definately games. On August 27, 1927, Althea Gibson was conceived. She did not enter the world to an existence of fabulousness. From the starting, her life was an intense one. Her family lived in Harlem during the 1930’s and 40;s. Times were very hard for the little youngster. Her family was on government assistance and she, herself was a customer of the general public for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Due to home life injuries, Althea regularly played hooky. The occasions that she did go, she battled however the day. While she was growing up, she additionally fled from home various occasions. As any youthful kid would do, Althea scanned for an outlet from the ordinary hardships of school and home life. This is the place she found tennis. Everything started at nearby amusement programs where she took up table tennis, or ping pong. Althea had ability right from the earliest starting point. She understood that she, a young lady who’s life had been only unpleasant streets and unexpected turns, could be acceptable at something. As she kept on picking up enthusiasm just as immaculate her table tennis aptitudes, Althea started to contend, and win a few neighborhood competitions. On account of these victories,Althea started to get took note. One man, an artist by the name of Buddy Walker, saw Althea play at some point and had a revolation. He figured that if Althea was so great at table tennis, at that point she would exceed expectations in normal tennis also. At that point, nobody acknowledged exactly how useful this thought would be for the youthful Harlem young lady, Althea Gibson. Through gifts raised to pay for her participation and exercises, Althea turned into an individual from an African American club called the Harlem Cosmopolitian Tennis Club. It was here that she aquired the aptitudes expected to contend in tennis matches at a higher, increasingly competative level. At that point that Althea was developing as a perceived tennis player, African American’s openings were to some degree limitied. One association called the American Tennis Association given tounament chances to African American tennis players. In 1942, Althea Gibson had her first milestone Althea Gibson :: Biography Biographies Althea Gibson As we take a gander at our past, we are better ready to see the positive advances that we have made. One of the best obsticles that we have defeated is the obstruction of race. In the course of the most recent quite a few years African Americans have had a enormous effect on numerous zones of society, for example, legislative issues, educatoin and most definately sports. On August 27, 1927, Althea Gibson was conceived. She did not enter the world to an existence of charm. From the starting, her life was an intense one. Her family lived in Harlem during the 1930’s and 40;s. Times were very hard for the little youngster. Her family was on government assistance and she, herself was a customer of the general public for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. As a result of home life injuries, Althea as often as possible played hooky. The occasions that she did go, she battled however the day. While she was growing up, she likewise fled from home various occasions. As any youthful youngster would do, Althea looked for an outlet from the regular hardships of school and home life. This is the place she found tennis. Everything started at nearby diversion programs where she took up table tennis, or ping pong. Althea had ability right from the earliest starting point. She understood that she, a young lady who’s life had been only harsh streets and sudden turns, could be acceptable at something. As she kept on picking up enthusiasm just as impeccable her table tennis abilities, Althea started to contend, and win a few neighborhood competitions. As a result of these victories,Althea started to get took note. One man, a performer by the name of Buddy Walker, saw Althea play at some point and had a revolation. He figured that if Althea was so great at table tennis, at that point she would exceed expectations in customary tennis too. At that point, nobody acknowledged exactly how gainful this thought would be for the youthful Harlem young lady, Althea Gibson. Through gifts raised to pay for her enrollment and exercises, Althea turned into an individual from an African American club called the Harlem Cosmopolitian Tennis Club. It was here that she aquired the aptitudes expected to contend in tennis matches at a higher, increasingly competative level. At that point that Althea was developing as a perceived tennis player, African American’s openings were to some degree limitied. One association called the American Tennis Association given tounament chances to African American tennis players. In 1942, Althea Gibson had her first milestone

Developing Countries and Financial Liberalization Essay

Creating Countries and Financial Liberalization - Essay Example Asia has for quite some time been home to world’s most powerful economies. The most recent decade has demonstrated us a wide blossoming of business all through Asia even with various difficulties. Components ascribed to this pattern incorporate an immense influx of private value and investment subsidizing, however more significantly, administrative laws for financing and capital obtaining were facilitated and the less rigid guidelines overseeing the posting of youthful organizations at the different securities exchanges helped in numerous organizations getting the cash they requirement for business (Robinson, 2005). The simplicity of getting advances and the monetary progression process helped the development of Pacific Rim for nations, for example, China, India, Hong Kong, Taiwan and even Japan. Specifically, after the Second World War, Japan came to speak to a model of monetary turn of events. Obviously the huge increases made by the economy depended on the assembling of har dware and vehicles however the budgetary freedom process positively helped the nation gain its footings after the decimation it encountered (Herring, 2006). So also, Hong Kong has consistently been appraised as one of the more free economies and despite the fact that it experienced a difference in government for example from Britain to China, it has held the monetarily liberal mentality of the British economy as opposed to the controlled arrangement of the Chinese. Taiwan can likewise be put on the rundown of nations profiting by money related opportunity. Despite the fact that it has had a portion of political insecurity and inside and out dangers of attack from China, it has driven the path in semiconductor and IC fabricating (Bremmer and Zakaria, 2006). Maybe the greatest amazements coming about because of the procedure of money related freedom are the monsters that began developing in the mid 1990s, China and India (Hubbard, 2005).

Connecting Behavior and Consequences for Kids With ADHD

Connecting Behavior and Consequences for Kids With ADHD ADHD Parenting Print Connecting Behavior and Consequences for Kids With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 07, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 23, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Hero Images / Getty Images Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often constantly moving or fidgeting, have trouble focusing, and struggle to process information as rapidly or correctly as other children. This can affect how they interpret the consequences of their behavior, which can be frustrating for ?parents and teachers. Lets take a look at why there is often a disconnect between behavior and consequence in children with ADHD, and how to best help them make the connection. Disconnect Between Behavior and Consequence Kids with ADHD often have difficulty delaying or inhibiting their responses. Instead, they tend to live in the moment, reacting immediately to that moment without thought. For a child to make a connection between a specific behavior and consequence, they need to be able to pause, think through, weigh the consequences of the behavior, and then allow these thoughts to guide their decision making about the behavior. For many children with ADHD, there is often a disconnect between thinking and reacting. When everything seems to happen all at once, they respond impulsively without using information about past experiences to guide their behavior. This is why kids with ADHD do not seem to learn from past mistakes as easily as their peers. How to Teach Children Responsibility and Self Awareness Impairments in working memory can also result in problems being able to see what lies ahead. In other words, a child may have trouble keeping relevant information to help make decisions about future behavior. In addition, kids with ADHD may experience a delay in the development of internal languageâ€"the voice inside our head that helps us to talk to ourselves, contemplate what we should do, and then regulate our behavior. Connecting Behavior and Consequences When you have a child who thinks and reacts impulsively, its helpful if you can intervene and provide cues, reminders, incentives, and guidance at the point of performanceâ€"the moment in time when your child must inhibit behavior to meet the demands of the situation. Your immediate feedback about his behaviorâ€"pointing out, reinforcing, and rewarding a child when they are displaying the behavior you want to see, and providing mild reprimands and redirection to help get them back on track when they begin to engage in inappropriate behaviorâ€"will help your child stop and think or put on the brakes before responding. Your teaching and training in this area will also help them develop greater self-awareness. The more aware of and in-tune your child is with the situation, the more likely they will be to connect cause and effect and use it to guide their behavior. Also, be sure to follow through with consequences in a consistent manner. Feedback needs to be provided immediately and frequently. Guidelines should be readily identified to help your child know what to expect. These strategies help keep your childs environment predictable. How to Create Structure for Kids With ADHD

Development Of A New Facility In A University - Free Essay Example

1.0 Introduction A client brief has been provided for the development of a new facility in the University of Salford. In this report, a review will be carried out based on the requirements of the client in the brief and critically analyse the potential procurement methods for both the design and construction of the project. Recommendations for the appropriate procurement route and forms of contract supporting by detailed reasons will be suggested in the report. The Client, The University of Salford, is aspiring to become an outstanding University renowned for the quality of its engagement, humanity, global reach and leadership in research, innovation and education. Strategic plan has been developed to achieve the Universitys goal which is to be ranked amongst the very best of UK universities and recognized internationally by 2017. To achieve this objective, the School of the Build Environment is intended to develop a new facility within the university campus. The building is to be a prestigious and high aesthetic facility which will replace an older building in the university. The new proposed building will contain facilities listed as below: State of the art lecture theatres Meeting rooms Extensive classroom and studio facilities Office accommodation Laboratory accommodation Learning Resource Units External works In addition, the Client requires the new facility to be carbon neutral to be in accordance with the University policy. Furthermore, the Client has allocates a budget of  £ 20 million to cover the total development cost of the project. This cost will include construction works, external works, statutory and professional fees. This proposed building must be completed and handover by 1st of August 2012. The completion date is critical as the facility must be ready for the new academic year. In short, the Clients key requirements and objectives of this new build building are listed as follows: New university facility which will realise the Universitys goal to become a high reputable and internationally renowned university. The facility is to be constructed in highest aesthetic and qualitative standards. The budget of the project is  £ 20 million. The construction time is important as the building is needed by 1st of August 2012 at the very latest. To carry out the construction works of this new facility, the Client needs to understand the various procurement methods available for the project. Hence, this report will analyse the key procurement issues for the Client to consider. 2.0 Procurement Assessment Criteria (PAC) Turner (1990) says that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the procurement route that is appropriate to the overall balance of objectives and to client priorities for each project should arise from those objectives and priorities. There are several procurement assessment criteria being set as a guide to choose the appropriate method of procurement: Time Complexity Quality Cost Risk Flexibility In this case, three main criteria which are time, cost and quality will be focused and assessed in the following sections for this particular project to find the most suitable procurement route that balance between these three criteria. Figure 2.1: The balance of time, cost and quality 3.0 Traditional Procurement The traditional system, probably the most commonly adopted procurement strategy in UK, sometimes referred as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"design-bid-build method. This is because the traditional route separates the responsibility for the design of the project from its construction with a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"tendering period (Cooke Williams, 2009). Initially, the client appoints consultants for design and for cost control and contract administration of the project. After the design is completed, the tender stage starts by using two stage tendering or negotiation to appoint a contractor for the project. The appointed contractor will then enters into a direct contract with the client and responsible to build and deliver the project. The organizational structure of traditional procurement is shown in Figure 3.1. In addition, due to the design must be completed before the tender stage, the cost of construction can be determined with reasonable certainty before the construction commences on site (Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi, 2006). Client Consultant Contractor QS, structural engineer Architect    Subcontractor Supplier Figure 3.1: Traditional procurement (Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi, 2006) The traditional procurement is commonly used because of its particular advantages. These advantages are listed as follows: The design is complete before tendering ensures price certainty for the client. The design does not substantially change during construction therefore contract variations can be kept to a minimum. The client able to have direct influence and retains control over the design team, thus quality in the design can be assured. Detailed information such as drawings and Bills of Quantities provide a common basis for tendering and evaluation is relatively easy. The procedures are well known and enabling confidence to be assured in parties which involved throughout the process. Variations and contract changes are relatively easy to handle. Firm contractual date for completion. While this procurement route has its advantages, there are also criticisms. The main disadvantages are: The duration of project may be longer than other procurement methods as the strategies is sequential and construction cannot be commenced before the completion of design. A longer duration of project may make the cost of project higher because of the increased period of interim financing charges and interim payment to the contractor and consultants. These may cause the cost of project exceeds the clients budget. All the design risk is carried by the client. The contractor has no input into the design and planning of the project. The sequential nature of this system can result in poor communication between the client and the project team and can be cause of expensive disputes. 3.1 Cost By adapting this method of procurement, the cost is agreed as a lump sum fixed price between the University and the contractor thus provides overall cost certainty for the University before the construction commences on site. Besides, the project cost can be estimated, monitored and controlled by the Clients cost consultant during the whole project period and therefore large cost overruns will not occur which is an important advantage to the Client. In addition, traditional method could provide the Client value of money. As explained before, since the design stage is completed before the construction, the design and cost consultant team of the Client will corporate to ensure the design is value for money. 3.2 Time With this procurement route, as the design is carried out before the tender process, the length of time spent to develop the design and prepare the tender documents by the consultant team can be very long. This process tends to prevent the construction works to be started on site. In fact, traditional procurement is identified as the slowest method of procurement compare to others. Hence, this is a disadvantage for this new university facility project as the date of completion is critical. 3.3 Quality The traditional procurement provides the high degree of certainty that the quality and aesthetic standards will be met (Masterman, 2002). This is because the University can select the most appropriate design team for this project to complete the design before the tender stage. During the design stage, the University has direct control and influence over the design therefore can ensure the high aesthetic and quality standards for the new facility are fulfilled. 4.0 Design and build Procurement Ashworth (2006) defined design and build as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a procurement arrangement where one single entity or consortium is contractually responsible to the client for both the design and construction of the project. In other words, under a design and build strategy, a single contractor takes the risk and responsibility for designing and building the project. The client will employ a design team to carry out some preliminary design or scheme design. The client will then appoint a contractor to assume the responsibility for the design as well as the construction process. The contractor needs to develop the scheme design to a detailed design. Figure 4.1 illustrates the relationships between the parties that involved in the project. In this method of procurement, the construction can start before the detailed design is completed, but at the contractors risk (Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi, 2006). In practice, design and build procurement consist of a range of variable. The two common vari ants of this type of procurement are client-led design and build and contractor-led design and build. Client Architect or QS advisers Contractor Subcontractor Suppliers Architect and other designers Figure 4.1: Design and build (Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi, 2006) In client-led design and build, also known as develop and construct, a small number of contractors will be invited to tender for the project when the design is virtually completed possibly with full bills of quantities or notional bills. In this procurement route, study of Cooke Williams (2009) indicates that the client is fully involved in the design development and therefore the design risk is taken fully by the client as the contractor has little involvement to the fundamental design. Additionally, the client will be responsible for all design fees from start to ends of the project. There is an alternative to this method which is a popular practice in the construction industry. Once the contract has been awarded, the design team including the clients architect and other members of the design team will be novated to the contractor. In other words, the contractual obligation to complete the detail aspect of design is legally passed over to the contractor. In this way, the client wi ll maintain an interest in the design but the contractor will be responsible to the continuing design fees and the entire design (Cooke Williams, 2009). On the other hand, in contractor-led design and build, the client may provide minimal information in the outline brief to the contractor. Thus, the contractor is fully responsible for the conceptual and detailed design. As a result, the contractor has to produce a building which meets the clients requirement. In this situation, the contractor takes all of the responsibilities, risks and rewards of design. The contractor may provide an in-house design facility or engage independent design teams (Cooke Williams, 2009). It is preferable to appoint a design team coordinator to ensure the flow of information between the design team and the project team. The main advantages of design and build procurement are listed as follows: The client has only to deal with one firm since the contractor provides single-point responsibility for design and construction. Price certainty is obtained before the commencement of construction works provided the clients requirements are adequately specified and changes are not introduced. The total cost of project is usually lesser than other types of procurement systems. The overall project period is reduced because of overlapping activities as construction can be started before the design is completed. Despite its advantages, design and build has many arguments among the practitioners and client of the industry. The drawbacks of this procurement method are: Tender bids are difficult to compare since each design will be different result in different project time and prices. The tender period and negotiation tends to be much longer Changes of client to project scope can be expensive. No guarantee in terms of design and quality because has less control over this aspect. The client may find difficult in preparing an adequate and sufficiently comprehensive brief. 4.1 Cost The design and build approach enables the contractor to be more positive about the final cost to the Client at an earlier stage (Masterman, 2002). The price would be agreed between the Client and the contractor before construction commences on site. Besides, the initial cost and final cost of using this procurement system are usually lower than other procurement approaches. This is mainly because of the reduction in design costs and the integration of design and construction process. However, value for money is difficult to assess in this type of procurement. This is because there is usually limited information available at the tender stage, not to mention there are different methods, designs and services can be offered by the contractor. As a result, the Client may not be able to judge the efficiency of the design. 4.2 Time The specialty of this procurement route is that the contractor is responsible for both design and construction. Therefore, it allows the overlap of design and construction phases thus reduce the overall project period. This would be an advantage for the University because it ensures the construction works of the new facility can be commenced early. According to Masterman (2002), design and build projects have a better record in terms of completion on time. Hence, the University would be able to have the new building ready for new academic year by using this method of procurement. 4.3 Quality This method of procurement would not be a suitable procurement for this high aesthetic and quality standards project. Design and build is belief that most suitable for simple uncomplicated project which the aesthetic and quality of the project is low. The reason for this is that the contractor is responsible to develop the detailed design of the project. In some circumstances, inevitably the contractor will economise the cost of design to boost the profit margins which will caused a negative effect on the project quality. Additionally, in a design and build project, if the Client unable to provide a satisfactory brief, it is possible result in the Clients functional and quality requirements being unsatisfied. 5.0 Management Procurement 5.1 Management Contracting In this procurement strategy, a management contractor is engaged by the client to manage a number of work package subcontractors in return for a fee. Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi (2006) stated that the management contractor has direct contractual links with all of the subcontractors and carries the responsibility for the construction works without actually carrying out that work. In this method of procurement, the works are let in forms of work package and subcontractors will bids competitively for each work package to obtain the work. The relationship between the parties in management contracting is shown in Figure 5.1.1. Client Consultants Contractor QS, structural engineer Architect Work contractor Figure 5.1.1: Management contracting (Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi, 2006) Management contracting is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fast track strategy says Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi (2006). The work package approach allows the maximum overlap design and construction activities. In more general terms, provided that the work package is completed, the subcontractor may starts works on site before all of the design works are completed. Therefore, the overall project period can be reduced. Due to the nature of this type of procurement, cost certainty cannot be achieved until all packages of work is tendered and let. Hence, strict control of the work package budget is essential for the success of the project (Cooke Williams, 2009). In this strategy, the client reimburses the cost of the work packages to the appointed management contractor who will then pay the subcontractors. So, it is important to appoint the management contractor carefully and ensure that the management fee is appropriate. As the common characteristics of management contracting are previously described, the advantages of this procurement route can now identified: Overlapping of the design and construction processes tends to save time for the overall project thus enables earlier completion to be achieved. The nature of the procurement enables the contractor contribution to design and project planning. Changes can be accommodated provided that packages affected have not been let and there is little or no impact on those already let. Quality of the project can be assured as the design can be developed in stages and site supervisor can be appointed to ensure the quality standard is achieved. On the other hand, there are also weaknesses in this procurement method. The disadvantages are listed as follows: Poor price certainty at the early stage and the potential cost commitment depends on the design team estimates. The total cost of project is usually unknown until the project is well into the construction programme. The client must provide a good quality brief to the design team as the design will not be completed until the client has committed significant resources to the project. The client is responsible for the majority of the project risks. Damages of delay are difficult to pin on one subcontractor. 5.2 Construction Management Under a construction management strategy, Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi (2006) points out that the client does not allocate risk and responsibility to a single main contractor. The client employs the design team and appoints a construction manager based on a negotiated fee simply to manage, programme and co-ordinate the design and construction activities carried out by the work package contractors. Unlike the management contracting, the each work package contractors have direct contractual link with the client and is paid directly by the client (see Figure 5.2.1). Client QS, structural engineer Architect Construction manager Trade contractor Trade contractor Figure 5.2.1: Construction management (Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi, 2006) The construction manager will provides professional construction expertise without assuming financial risk because there is no contractual link with design team or work package contractors. Hence, by using this procurement route, Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi (2006) stated that the client has to be involved closely in the design and construction phases and take necessary actions based on the recommendations from the construction manager. Therefore, this method of procurement is not suitable for inexperienced client. It is recommended to use this procurement for large and complex project or a high degree of design innovation where the client wants deep involvement. Basically, the construction contracting has the similar advantages and disadvantages with the management contracting. Therefore, they will not discuss more in this section and please refer to the previous section if necessary. 5.3 Cost The uncertainty of price will be seen as a disadvantage for the management procurement system. However, the benefit of this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fast track strategy may result in cost savings and offsetting extra construction costs. Therefore, it could reduce the overall expense of the project. Besides, in this procurement, the cost of the project can be minimised by improving buildability and by work package contractors undertake the works at competitive prices. 5.4 Time For projects which need fast design and construction period, this would be the appropriate type of procurement to be used. The overlapping of design and construction phases will allows an early start of construction works on site and therefore saving in time can be achieved. Since the time of completion is an important issue in this project, the Client would be suggested to consider to adopting this procurement methods. 5.5 Quality Under this procurement route, the quality of the completed project can be achieved which fully meet the Clients needs provided that the design team is working closely with the management contractor on all aspect of the project to ensure he is fully aware of the design constraints as well as the Clients requirements. Besides, due to the management contractor is appointed at the early stage, he will be able to contribute his construction expertise to achieving an efficient quality standard for this project. 6.0 Justification of procurement strategy 6.1 Procurement Matrix After considering and evaluating the options of procurement available for the project, the most appropriate procurement system that suitable for the project can be selected. This can be achieved by assessing and setting the priorities of the project objectives in terms of time, quality and cost and the client attitude to risk. A universal procurement selection technique which is a procurement matrix is employed to help to select an appropriate procurement strategy for this particular project. The Universitys key objectives and requirements of this project are taken into account during the assessment. After completing this procurement matrix, the result shows that Management Contracting would be best suited procurement system for this new university facility project. Please see the attachment for the completed procurement matrix for this project. 6.2 Procurement strategy After a critical analysis of the procurement options as discussed above and completing the procurement matrix, the Management Contracting route is highly recommended to be adopted for this new build facility project. The reasons of this suggestion is being made are discussed as below. 6.2.1 Cost strategy In terms of cost issue, the Management Contracting probably is not the most recommended procurement systems compare to Traditional and Design and Build. This is because it is not the greatest at providing price certainty to ensure the budget of  £ 20 million can be met at the beginning of the project. However, Morledge, Smith Kashiwagi (2006) points out that this does not mean that the Client has less control over the project cost as strict supervision can be exerted over this aspect of the project. Due to that each package of work are being let by competition between contractors, the Client can monitor the cost closely and if necessary, adjust later work packages in order to cover any cost overruns in the previous work package. Furthermore, the University has to appoint the Management Contractor so that he can advise and contribute at the design process based on his professional expertise and carry out value engineering works to ensure the project is being built within the budget. 6.2.2 Time strategy The completion on time is a key requirement of this project. The Client has specifically required that the new facility must be completed on 1st August 2012. Under this circumstance, Management Contracting would be appropriate to meet the deadline. Due to the rapid progress of this procurement which provides overlapping of design and construction phases allows early commencement of works on site and therefore results in time saving. Moreover, the key strategy to ensure the project is completed on time is to make sure that all of the information from the design team is continuously issued on time to the Management Contractor and to ensure that the Management Contractor is always being updated. Hence, these could avoid any misunderstandings and delays during the construction works. Besides, the competency and experience of the Management Contractor will also ensure this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fast track procurement can be carried out efficiently. A high level of experience Management Contractor who familiar with this type of procurement route must be appointed so that the works on site are well manage and control throughout the whole process. 6.2.3 Quality strategy The Management Contracting would ensure the required high quality and aesthetic standards of this new build project can be successfully met. This is because this type of procurement method allows the Client to appoint and oversee the design team to develop detailed design which fulfills the specific requirements. Furthermore, to ensure the quality and aesthetic standards of this university facility are met, the Client has to make sure that the design team are aware and focus from the beginning of the project to develop the design based on these commitments. Additionally, all of the detailed drawings and specification produced by the design team must go into the contract between the Client and the Management Contractor so that the requirements of the Client are well informed thus can be managed efficiently the works on site to ensure the requirements are met. 7.0 Form of Contract A contract is defined by Cooke Williams (2009) as a means of formalising the relationship between the contracting parties in which the rights and obligations of the parties are agreed and the balance of risk between the parties established. The contracts also establish how administrative procedures and the serving of formal notices are to be conducted and mechanisms for dealing with contract payments, delays, compensation and disputes says Cooke. There are several of contracts produced by different bodies used in the construction industry but by far the JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal) is the most popular forms of contract in use. Hence, the JCT 2005 Management Building Contract is recommended to be used in this project. The JCT 2005 Management Building Contract comprises (Hackett, Robinson Statham, 2007): Management Building Contract Management Works Contract Tender Agreement Management Works Contract Conditions Management Work Contract / Employer Agreement Under this forms of contract, the management contractor tenders on the basis of a management fee and the works contract are being let by separate packages when the design of those packages are developed (Cooke Williams, 2009). The management contractor is legally bound with these work package contractors under the Management Works Contract. In other words, the management contractor is responsible to manage the work package contractors. Moreover, during the design stages, the contract also requires the management contractor to cooperate with the consultant team such as architect, engineering and quantity surveyor. In addition, all necessary programmes for execution of the project which includes detailed construction programme are required to prepare by the management contractor (Cooke Williams, 2009). Under the contract, the management contractors duties include maintaining and regularly updating the detailed construction programme. 8.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the Management Contracting is the most suitable procurement route for this project. This procurement system allows the Client to design the new university facility according to his requirements and appoints the Management Contractor to manage the construction works on site. Using the Management Contracting, the price certainty can be achieved with close monitor of the cost of each work packages so that the building can be built within the budget of  £ 20 million. Furthermore, the advantage of this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fast track procurement method tends to meet the time of completion for this project. Last but not least, since this is a prestigious project, this type of procurement route ensure the high quality and aesthetic standards are met in accordance with the Clients requirements. With these, it is recommended for the University to adopt the Management Contracting as the method of procurement to maximise the success of the project.